导游词英文（精选33篇）
chaya mountain scenic area is located in suiping county zhumadian, 25kilometers away from downtown, a total of 150 square kilometers, averagealtitude of 600 meters. it is the first scenic area published in henan,presently that wins national geological parks, national forest park and national4a scenic spots. because of its exquisite scenery that builds a strangebeautiful scenery scroll, chayamountain is honored “huaxia basin” and “jiangbeiforest of stone”. the poor landform, so that is the military commanderbattleground. as the valuable and non-renewable geological heritage, the chayamountain includes the steepness of huashan mountain, splendor of taishanmountain, peculiarity of huangshan mountain, elegance of emei mountain andtranquility of yandang mountain. as the only granite landform ruins in china,also rarely seen worldwide, chaya mountain has great scientific values.
and now, we have got into the chayamountainscenic, the whole scenic isdivided into four parts, namely beeswax hill, southhill, northhill, six peakshill. the essence of scenic spots is mainly concentrated in the southhillparts,just the part we're going to visit today. the mountain is bestowed with anagreeable climate and abundant resources. in each season, there is a splendor ofbeauty. in spring, birds sing and flowers give forth fragrance; in summer, theumbrageous woodlands can be seen and clinking sounds of flowing spring water canbe heard; in autumn, the mountain is fiery with maple leaves and in winter,clothed in white snow and ice。 ok, please attention to look forward;we saw thehighest peak of the rock firstly that is the landscape of “monkey look uponmoon”, the protruding part in the center is “the sleeping tang monk”,turn right45 degree, we will see the “drinking bajie”. you will see his opening mouth andvertical tongue and pretty belly poured drunk in hillside, his childlike sceneis so lifelike that reluctant to leave.and then, we can see a peak that is“beewax peak”, why entitled this name? it is side that there are full of wildflowers on the whole hill, so many bees are collecting pollen come here. and thehoney is too much and nobody collect it, so these honey were curdled in thestone. every summer, the hill wasshined by the strong sunlight irradiation;honey will be flowedout the stone, and the whole mountain looks like besmearcovered with a thick layer of beeswax, so peopleput the mountain
named "beeswax mountain".and the lake under the mountain also got abeautiful name xiumi lake. chayamountain, compared with other mountains has itsunique, the upper mount roll over one another, everywhere is strange stone, andmountain peaks, buton the bottom have thousands of holes. the millionman hole isone of them.due to natural form of millionman hole is the underground cave, sothere are many holes in it, like a big giantmaze.and the space of the hole canaccommodate tens of thousands of people, therefore the name "million manhole".enter the second door of the scenic area; we canpause to look upon theleft, a big tree hanging on the steep cliff. its leaf is thick and cold, and itsdry resistance is strong. according to the provincial forestry bureau expertsidentified, it has been growing 600 years at here. why it can survive in thisenvironment? experts said that the root of the tree have a special function thatits root can secrete a kind of liquid that can dissolve microelement in therock, the tree will rely on absorption this rarely microelement to keep itslife.this also responds the saying:” the survival of the fittest”. let’s keepmoving, now we came to the center of the scenic spot stone monkey park. entermonkey park like into a monkey's warm home, three monkeys feel happy, pictured aharmonious family scenes.look, there was a deep gorge in the north of the stonemonkey park that is the boundary between chaya mountain’s north hill and southhill. the stone monkey before our eyes that are the largest lifelike stonemonkey in the world. looking at stone monkey at penglai three holes, seem to seea pair of embraced young lovers. but atxiumi lake area, then you can see thepeculiar landscape that elder monkey back younger monkey, it is real that astone three scenes. it is the time that ended the explain of chaya mountain,then you can look around freely, after half an hour, we will gather at themountain’s door and have a lunch, please take full use of the time. thank foryour cooperation!
the native place of emperor huangdi
the native place of emperor huangdi is located in the north of xinzhengcity. as a scenic spot of 4a- class assessed by the national tour bureau, it isa holly land for chinese people all over the world to worship their ancestors,with memorial temples, andmausoleums of emperor huangdi situated here. everyyear on march 3 of the lunar calendar, the day when the first emperor in chinaestablished the first nation in chinese history, people of chinese origin fromhome and abroad gather in xinzheng, the birthplace of xuanyuanhuangdi, or theyellow emperor, to offer sacrifices and worship this legendary ancestor of thechinese nation. to respect this great emperor, his descendants have held largeceremonies of worship, which have been attracting descendants of yanhuang fromamerica, japan, korea, canada and other nations and areas each year. they comeback to worship, seeking their roots here in china.
now, here we are, the native place of emperorhuangdi.this square was builtin the end of 1998.it covers an area of 15,000 square meters,of which 7,900square meters are covered with trees and flowers. it has become a very importantplace for the domestic and overseas chinese descendants to hold large-scaledactivities to worship their ancestors. in the center of the square here is athree-legged tripod caldron, whichwas cast in the shape of bears, reminding ofthe emperor huangdi’s rising from the youxiong tribe. the three-sided body ofthe tripod caldron has the embossment of three dragons with a fireball, implyingthe glorious sun and praying for favorable weather for crops and a harvest.standing at the center of the altar, it is laurelled as “the no.1 tripod caldronof the world” for its unparalleled size and its special origin. it is 6.99meters in height, 24 tons in weight, which has been registered in the guinnessworld records. the height number of 6.99 made up of figure 6 and 9 implies themajesty of grandness in traditional chinese culture. through the xuanyuan bridgeabove the jishuiriver , here we can see the main hall. please look at the pairof the guarding animalssitting on both sides of the gate.they are stone bears.do you know why chose bears to guard the gate? because 5,000 years ago,thereused to be many bears in xinzheng. bear was a kind of animal,very powerful andfierce then. in order to show people’s worship, the youxiong tribe regarded bearas the totem of their own tribe. well, let’s enter the hall, there’re 8 muralpaintings on the wall,which vividly depict the
great achievements of the yellow emperor during his life.they’rethe birthof the yellow emperor,making boat and chariot,setting up an alliance byemperorhuangdi and emperor yandi, crusading againstchiyou,making youxiong thecapital, holding high the dragon flag, developing agriculture and stock raising,creation of chinese civilization. it’s a long story behind these paintings: itis recorded that, in the prehistoric times, there lived many clans and tribesaround the yellow river and the yangtze river, yet huangdi was the most renownedtribal leader at that time. when the tribe lead by yandi began to decline,huangdi's tribe was flourishing. during this period, chiyou,another triballeader, often lead his stronger tribe to invade other tribes, and invadedyandi's tribe. with the help of huangdi, they defeated chiyou.after 52battleshuangdi united china. all chinese, despite nationalities, regardedhuangdias our ancestor. huangdi, the initiator of chinese civilization, was henceworshipped by his descendants. after the capital was built,emperorhuangdi raisedhis flag of dragon, symbolizing the unification of all tribes. the dragon wasintegrated with different parts of various animals: horse’s head, deer’s horn,tiger’s mouth, snake’s body, fish’s scales, and eagle’s claw. since then, dragonhas been the symbol of chinese nation. on the both sides of the main hall,there’re eastern wing hall and western wing hall.in the east side hall,there isthe statue of luozu, the first wife of emperorhuangdi. she was the first personto raise silkworm and weave silk in ancient china and alsoan outstandingrepresentative of ancient chinese women. every feudal dynasty set up temple forher and worshipped her as “the first ancestor in silkworm raising”. while in thewest side hall, here is the statue mother mo, the fourth wife of emperorhuangdi, who had invented the earliest “loom”for weaving. later generationscalled her “mother mo---the ancestor of weavers”.
hello, everyone. today you are going to visit the terracotta warriors andhorses, the eighth wonder in the world. i'm your guide. my name is zheng renmin.you can call me director zheng. we are now driving to lintong district, xi'an,shaanxi province, where the terracotta warriors and horses are located. duringthe visit, please be a civilized tourist, leaving nothing but footprints andtaking nothing but photos.
the terracotta warriors and horses of the first emperor of qin dynasty aredivided into three pits, of which pit 1 is the largest, 230 meters long fromeast to west and 62 meters wide from north to south, with a total area of 14260square meters.
in the modeling of qin terracotta figures, seven traditional clay sculpturetechniques, such as modeling, sculpture, kneading, piling, pasting, carving andpainting, are used to present the basic elements of body, quantity, shape,spirit, color and quality incisively and vividly. the terracotta figures are notonly rich and vivid, but also painted with different colors, making them morevivid and lifelike. therefore, some people call the art of terracotta warriors"three parts of sculpture, seven parts of painting".
there are numerous terracotta warriors and horses in the qin terracottawarriors and horses group
terracotta warriors, kneeling shooting terracotta warriors, terracottahorses, painted terracotta warriors, chariot terracotta warriors, chariotterracotta warriors, chariot terracotta warriors, general terracotta warriors,etc.
each of these terracotta warriors and horses has a different look. if youlook at them carefully, you will find that no two of them have the samelook.
cyber horizon fantasy art experience pavilion is wholly south korea createdthe pavilion, tube wall paintings are from the south korean well-known artistscarefully creation, artists use special coatings will be extremely realisticpaintings by the plane into three-dimensional work.
it broke the traditional model of inherent to visit the museum of art, weencourage and guide the visitors to play their own ideas, completely into thepainting, completely become the protagonist of the story in the painting; you isthe secondary art creators, this is the "thin horizon fantasy trip to bring youthe beauty of art.
cyber world is divided into: painting a spoof, mirror illusion, lifedislocation area, illusion experience area, animal close area, imagineexperience pavilion. but by watching, touch. experience and so on in the worldof photography allows you to feel super shock and wonderful fun.
cyber world has in south korea, japan, thailand, chinese taiwan and other countriesand regions. is known as the window of the artistic edification, an effectiveway to release the pressure, the leisure entertainment platform, the log inshenyang is to enter the chinese mainland for the first time.
hello,everyone!please allow me to express a warm welcome on behalf of shenyang citizens.i'm with great pleasure to be your tourist guide and from now on i will show you around shenyang imperial palace,shere the founder of qing dynasty nuerhachi and his son huangtaiji lived.shenyang imperial palace ,fuling tomb and zhaoling tomb made in the early period of qing dynasty are the three famous historical sites in shenyang .
shenyang imperial palace with a history of over 360 years started in 1625 and was roughly accomplished in 1636 during the reign of nuerhachi and huangtaiji. after them four emperors of qing dynasty had come back from beijing to this palace for 10 times and enlarged its area and added its buildings.they were emperor kangxi,qianlong,jiaqing and daoguang.therefore,until 1783 the palace was finally finished.
shenyang imperial palace is one of the two royal palaces well kept in china.the other one is forbidden city in beijing.shenyang imperial palace was entitled "historic culture relics preserved buildings" in 1961 by the state council.this palace is an emperor museum combining the architectual styles of the minorities of man,han and mongolia.
this palace covers an area of 60,000 square meters,comprising over 20 courtyards,300 houses and 70 buildings.the whole construction is divided into three sections: the east, middle and west.
first let's pay a visit to the buildings in the buildings in the middle section.the layout of middle section is similar to a chinese compound with three courtyards.the first courtyard is the office area.it starts from the grand qing gate on the south and ends at holy administration hall.from phoenix tower to purity and tranquility hall is the residential area.they all lay out on the same line.
the main entrance to the palace is the grand qing gate,also called meridian gate because the emperor considered himself as the son of heaven and the palace should be the center of universe .the grand qing gate was bulilt in 1632 and is was the place where the civilian offcials and military ministers to present themselves before the emperor daily .the special feature of the gate is the tile color.they are all yellow tiles but engraved with green borders.yellow synbolizes the ground and the royal right while green represents sea and mountains.the combination of them means controlling the vast areas on the earth.
the building to the east of grand qing gate is called ancestor temple(taimiao)with yellow tile roof,where nuerhachi's descendants offeredsacrifices to their ancestors for blessings.so ancestor temple is the most important.
please follow me into the gate.this path in the middle links the gate to holy administration hall with flying dragon pavilion (feilongge) and flying phoenix pavilion(xiangfengge) on each side.the hall of holy administration is the main building in the middle part of the palace and it was the center of the military,administrative affairs in eatly qing dynasty and had witnessed many national ceremories.flying dragon and flying phoenix pavilions were for storing music instruments.
holy administration hall was emperor huangtaiji's office.in front of the hall are rigui and jiangliang,which were used as measure instruments and supposed to be the symbol of unity.
in accient construction,office area is usually in the front part and residential area is in the rear.since we have visted the place where the emperors worked and now we'll pay a visite tothe place where empress and concubines lived.here is the phoenis tower.it served as an entrances to the rear chambers and also the entertainment area of huangtaiji and his concubines,and some gatherings or banquets were held occasionally.the tower was built on a terrace 3.8 meters tall.it was the tallest building in shenyang at that time .it is amazing watching sunrise in the morning on the tower and phoenix sunrise is one of the famous eight fascinating scenes in shenyang.
look upward ,we will see a board hanging up on phoenix tower ,on which emperor qianlong inscribed "ziqidonglai",which meant the qing dynasty in beijing immigrated fron shengjing,the old name for shenyang to the east .there are 24staircases leading to phoenix tower representing 24 seasonal divisions points in chinese lunar calendar.in shenyang imperial palace chambers are higher than halls, which is contrary to the architectural style in forbidden city in beijing.
walking through the tower are the rear chambers.the one on the north in the middle was called purity and tranquility hall,which was prepared for emperor and empress.the other four lying on both sides were fo concubines .purity and tranquility hall has five rooms and the first from the east was where huangraiji passed away here at the age of 52 without any disease.his throne passed to his ninth son,fulin.in early qing dynasty,the construction style was summed up like this: bag-like house,zigzag bed and chimney sitting on the ground.the main buildings here were different from other buildings with a door was opende in the wall of the east room and the other rooms were connected together like a bag.the zigzag beds,made of mud and brick and with fire and smoke tunnels were called"kang"in chinese.in order to get heat and keep room warm in winter,tunnels was made under the ground of purity and tranquility hall to put fire and smoke through .now notice the pole standing on the ground for smoke through.now notice the pole standing right in the middle of the courtyard.this red pole is called suolun pole,or holy pole.its round tin container near the top was filled with food for feeding crows.it was said that nuerhachi was savedby crows.crows are considered sacred in manchurian culture though in chinese culture crows are regarded as birds bringing bad luck.
emperor huangtaiji had four concubines.among the four concubines chen was loved best by huangtaiji and concubine zhuang was the wisest and the mother of the next emperor,fulin.therefore ,she had a special status among the concubines.
the only chimney was built on the rear of purity and tranquility hall from the ground with 11 layers ,representing the 11 emperors from emperor huangtaiji to the last emperor puyi.this chimney was the highest one at that time.in chinese ,the sound of chimeny"tong" is the same as that of unity.
to the north further is rear courtyard called yuhua garden.
after visiting the middle section of the palace ,we come to the eastern section.its representative building is the great administration hall,flanked by ten princes pavilions.this part was built in 1625,and they were the earliest building in shenyang imperial palace.great administration hall is the place ceremonies and handled state affairs.
great administration hall was built with eight sides representing the style of military tent and also eight banner military system.now please look at the ten pavilions,five on each side,which were the offices of the commanders at that time.here i will give you an introduction to the military system of early manchurian period .nuerhachi divided his troops in four parts and each part was identified by the color of its banner .there sere then four kinds of banner:red,blue,white and yellow banner.as the troops expanded quickly ,another four parts were added and therefore another four kinds of banner were needed .by then there were altogether eight kinds of banner.this army was therefore well known for eight banner army .
the last part of shenyang imperial palace is the western section,built from 1782 to 1783 and during emperor qianlong's reign.its main construction is book source pavilion (wensuge) with theater platform and good descendant-benefiting hall(jiayintang) in front,prosperity administration stydy (yangxizhai) and nine halls behind.book souurce pavilion(wensuge) was specially designed for storing the encyclopedia compiled at that time,si ku quan shu.this encyclopedia collected most of the books in chinese history .its complication started in 1773.this set of history books is composed of seven sections,more than 36,000 volumes.it took educated persons over 10 years to finish is.when finished,the sholecneyclopedia was duplicated in seven pavilions across china.the other six copies were either damaged during wars or lost.this set is the only one well kept.but the real copy is no longer here and now is restored in the palace museum in beijing and gansu province library.we can see that book source pavilion covered with black tiles.in chinese philosophy,black refers water.the pavilion was built for storing books and its biggest threat was fire.so black tiles hinting water covering it on the top as a way of protection .good proserty admiration study was for emperor reading while descendant-benefiting hall and the theater platform consisting of a couryard for emperor ,his empress and concubines watching plays.
shenyang imperial palace is one of the cultural relics in china and it is the symbol of this city .it is a good combination of diferent nationalities as well as a tourist attraction.and now we have to end our visiting ,i hope you all enjoy it and thank you for your cooperation,goodbye.
ladies and gentlemen,
welcome to wuhan. my name is flw i am from shiyan travel service. i will beyour local guide during your stay in shiyan this is our driver, mr wang. his busnumber is wh12345.on behalf of my travel agency, we hope you have a nice journeyhere. if you have any special interest, please tell your tour leader, and hewill let us know. my job is to smooth your way, care for your welfare, try mybest to answer your question, and be your guide and interpreter. i will try todo my level best to “warm the cockles of your heart”. we highly appreciate yourunderstanding and cooperation.
today we’ll visit the famous sacred place of taoism-----the golden palaceof wudang mountain. it is not only one of the first batch national level scenicspots of china but also the heritage of the world.
after some efforts we have reached the main peak .its altitude is 1612meters . the golden palace is located here.standing in front of the goldenpalace, you can have a panoramic view of the beautiful scene of wudang mountain,as far as 400 kilometers. all the peaks are stopping at the static moment, justlike raged waves, which wonderfully advertises the majority prestige and loftyimperial power.
the golden palace, with a height of5.45 meters and flying eaves decoratedby dragon, phoenix, sea horse, and immortals, is the highest one in the ancientchinese construction grade. bronze constructed, the golden palace was gilded bygold outside. all the parts were so perfect matched that there is without anycrevice. enduring about 600 years’ wind and rain, thunder and lightening, coldwinter and hot summer, the golden palace is still shining as if it was newlybuilt up. hence, the golden palace, national treasure, not only presents thewonderful chinese ancient architecture skills, but also reveals the wisdom ofchinese people and ancient scientific level.
the golden palace is the integration of intelligence and creativity, andalso the display of art and beauty. the inside walls of the golden palace werelightly carved with soft floating clouds lines. purple mantel, clean and smooth,reflects a gentle and harmonious color. the statues of emperor zhenwu, gold boyand jade girl, and the generals of water and fire are being worshipped inside ofthe gold palace, with delicate portray and distinct personality.
golden clock pavilion and jade drum pavilion are in front of the goldenpalace. on the two sides of the palace, there are lot house and stamp house forpilgrims to draw lots and stamp the holy mark. behind those houses is parent’spalace, which is the holy place for pilgrims showing respect to zhenwu’sparents.
we will get back to the station by tram rail. you have enjoyed the view ofthe peaks again. now let’s get on the bus.
we have appreciate the scenery as well as its culture.it is not only amountain but also a heritage full of our ancestors’ wisdom.
your current visit to china is drawing to a close. i would like to say afew words before you leave this country, though i am not a speech-maker. timehave elapsed so quickly and you have visited several scenic spots in this city.the time we stayed together was rather short and really the surface was onlyscratched. what the chinese people call “looking at the flowers on the horse’sback.” every one in the group has been very cooperative, friendly, understandingand punctual. that is what i witnessed and experienced, and as a national guide,it was much appreciated.
parting is such sweet sorrow. happy to meet, sorry to depart, and happy tomeet again. wish you have a nice journey home. goodbye.
everybody is good! i am you the tour guide. you can call me xiao chen.
qin terra cotta warriors have been unearthed in xi 'an, it is the only one like you, are exquisite art treasures. who knows the area have how old? yes, that's 20xx0 square meters, there are about 50 basketball court, nearly eight thousand pit with the warriors. you want to know the origin of his? let me tell you: there used to be a few farmers play well together, found some pottery, they went on well drilling, found that it was a channel. trickling down look, they discovered the qin terra cotta warriors. good! everybody together to have a closer look at!
the variety of the terracotta warriors scale not only, and personality is distinct. you see, the burly, head, cranes, wearing armor, sword in hand is what figurines? he is the general figures. the appearance of the poses, a see will know that they are battle-hardened, mission leader!
you come with me. the height of 1. 8 m what figurines, well-built, trim, wearing a shirt, wear armor, armed with weapons of figurines? yes, that's the warriors.
who knows in short armour, under wear tight pants, left hand bows and arrows, what is right hand holding the reins of the figurines? wrong, is a cavalry figurines. you see, every terracotta warriors is a very fine art treasures. look carefully, they look different,, approached them, seem to still can feel the slight breath! ha ha!!!!!!!!!!
well, there are many wonderful things, everyone visit freely and enjoy yourself. activity time, please pay attention to safety!
大家好!我是你们今天的导游——林导，大家可千万不要叫我领导哦!我只是姓林的导游，哈哈!
everybody is good! i am your tour guide, guide lin today, you don't call me leadership oh! i just named lin tour guide, ha ha!
我们今天要前往名胜古迹——故宫。在路程中，我就先简单介绍下故宫吧!
today we're going to places of interest, the palace museum. in the distance, i first simple introduce the forbidden city!
古代故宫叫做紫禁城，因是清明两代的皇宫，所以十分高大雄伟，占地面积约有72万平方米。体质弱的客人们，可能没办法把故宫游完哦，希望大家能在车上多休息，争取游遍这72万平方米的故宫。
ancient palace called the forbidden city, because is qingming festival two generations of the palace, so very tall majestic, covers an area of about 720xx0 square meters. the guests in the constitution, may not be able to finish the imperial palace to swim oh, hope everybody can rest in the car, to bound for the 720xx0 square meters of the forbidden city.
以前，故宫里住了很多人，有将军、战士、侍女……需要成千上万间房子，而且古代科技不发达，不像我们几十户人家只需一栋高楼大厦，他们只好建9000多间房子装下那么多人啦。
previously, spent a lot of people in the forbidden city, there are general, warriors, maid... takes tens of thousands of houses, and the ancient science and technology is not developed, not like we just dozens of family a high-rise buildings, and they had to build more than 9000 house hold so many people.
皇帝是需要保护的，这故宫里的战士夜晚是需要睡觉的，无法保护。所以聪明的皇帝就在故宫周围建筑了52米宽的长长的护城河，敌人坐船也难过这条护城河。
the emperor is in need of protection, the soldiers in the imperial palace is the need to sleep at night, unable to protect. so wise emperor around the forbidden city built a long a moat 52 meters wide, the enemy ships, also sorry to the moat.
故宫已被列入世界遗产的名录里。有许多外国游客，他们是不会乱扔垃圾、乱涂乱画的。希望作为中国人的我们，对不文明行为说“不”，为我们祖国争光吧!准备下车……
the palace museum has been on the world heritage list. there are a lot of foreign tourists, they won't litter graffito of the scribble,. hope to be chinese, we say "no" to uncivilized behavior, make our country proud! prepare to get off...
hello! i am your guilin landscape tour guide, thank you for giving me this opportunity to exercise myself, i will do my best for you to explain!
all right, lets get back to business. as the saying goes, "guilin landscape is the best in the world." it is a characteristic of the mountains in this part of guilin that they rise from the ground on the flat land and by the river, with dangerous peaks standing out against each other.
we are now in the center of guilin city. there is a dangerous peak here. it is called only xiu peak, the peak protrusion, like a big pillar, known as the "south of the sky a pillar".
whats next? i led you in a boat to see the most beautiful river in guilin, called the li river. can you see the characteristics of the li river water? yes, the water of the li river is surprisingly quiet, quiet we can not feel it in the flow: the water of the li river is clear to the bottom, you can see many beautiful fish swim to swim: the water of the li river is very green, green can be compared with the flawless jade.
please see, this scenic spot is "elephant mountain and water moon", which is a combination of elephant mountain and its own water moon cave. this elephant mountain is also called elephant trunk mountain because it resembles an elephant sucking water by the river. this elephant trunk mountain that probe into the water long nose, and the mountain formed a round cave, named "water moon cave". the cave is very smooth!
dear guests, hello! i'm wang ping, the tour guide accompanying you. you canjust call me wang dao. on behalf of anhui travel agency, i'd like to extend mywarm welcome to you and wish you a successful tour. if you have any questionsduring today's tour, you are welcome to raise them in time. i must follow theprinciple of reasonable and possible to make your trip happy.
first of all, welcome to jiuhua mountain. next, let me introduce thegeneral situation of jiuhua mountain.
during the reign of tang tianbao, li bai wrote a poem "once upon a time onjiujiang river, looking at jiuhua peak in the distance, green water hanging onthe tianhe river, showing off hibiscus" and "jiuzi mountain" was renamed "jiuhuamountain" from then on.
it is a national 5a tourist area, a national courtesy tourism demonstrationsite, one of the three famous mountains in anhui province, and one of the fourfamous buddhist mountains in china. it is also known as the "dizang bodhisattvataoist center" in the world, known as "the first mountain in southeast china"and "lianhua buddhist kingdom".
jiuhua mountain has beautiful scenery and numerous ancient temples. thereare 99 existing temples, of which 9 are national key temples.
we are now at the center of jiuhua street. what you can see is huachengtemple, kaishanzu temple of jiuhua mountain. the name of huacheng temple comesfrom the story of "huacheng refers to the earth" in buddhist scriptures.huacheng temple is the oldest ancient temple of jin dynasty in jiuhua mountain,and it is the "total jungle" of jiuhua mountain. hanging on the temple foreheadis the horizontal plaque of "jiuhuashan historical relics museum" inscribed byzhao puchu. the ancient clock in the temple is more than ten feet high andweighs about 20__ jin. it is exquisitely cast and has a loud voice. "huachengevening clock" has become one of the "jiuhua ten sceneries".
looking up, the hall built on the cliff is the famous "centenary palace".now let's take the ground cable car to visit the centenary palace!
on the plaque of the centenary palace, the ten gold characters of "bestowthe centenary palace, protect the country and wannian temple" were inscribed byli yuanhong, president of the beiyang government. according to records, in thewanli period of the ming dynasty, a monk named flawless came to jiuhua mountainat the age of 26 and spent a hundred years of hard work in motianling, dongyapeak. three years after his death, his body was found in the cave. the monk onthe mountain believed that he was reincarnated as a living buddha, so he offeredhis body in gold. emperor chongzhen of the ming dynasty granted him the title of"yingshen bodhisattva" when he understood that this body was a monk withouttime.
next, let's go to the rooftop. we have to pass fenghuangsong scenic spot togo to the rooftop. fenghuangsong is located in the min garden of jiuhuamountain, which is a major landscape of jiuhua mountain. please see, the pine is7.68 meters high and 1 meter diameter at breast height. it has a peculiar shape,just like the phoenix spreading its wings, so it is called fenghuang pine. thehistory of this pine was recorded in the southern and northern dynasties, and ithas a history of 1400 years. it has the reputation of "the first pine in theworld".
the scenic spot of jiuhua is located on the tiantai mountain. tiantai peakis the main peak of jiuhua mountain, with an altitude of more than 1300 meters.there is a saying that "if you don't climb the tiantai mountain, you will notcome.". from the rooftop of jiuhua street, about 15 kilometers to huali mountainroad, the surrounding mountains are crawling, and the surrounding rocks aregrotesque. the inscription of "non human" on a huge stone really makes peoplefeel like they are in penglai fairyland. tiantai "holding the sun pavilion" towatch the sunrise is no less than mount tai. therefore, "tiantai xiaori" islisted as one of the "ten sceneries of jiuhua".
now we come to the body hall of shenguangling, where the body ofjinqiaojue, the bodhisattva of tibetans, is worshipped. because of his commonsurname jin, he was honored as "jindizang".
during the kaiyuan reign of emperor xuanzong of the tang dynasty, jinqiaojue, a 24-year-old king of silla, crossed the sea to seek dharma in china.he boarded jiuhua via nanling and other places. he chose a cave to live andpractice in a secluded place deep in the mountain.
jin qiaojue devoted himself to training for 75 years. at the age of 99, hepassed away in jiuhua mountain. after three years of the letter, it still "lookslike life, with soft hands and a sound at luojie, like shaking a golden lock".the monks believed that he was the incarnation of the bodhisattva, so they builta stone pagoda to worship him and called him "jindizang" bodhisattva.
as a result, jiuhua mountain became a taoist center of dizang bodhisattva,and thus became famous in china and even the world. it gradually became a holyland of dizang yinghua, which was called together with manjusri of wutaimountain, puxian of emei mountain and guanyin of putuo mountain.
this hall is majestic and majestic. it is a tower hall type building,covered with iron tiles, with palace style eaves at the four corners. you haveto climb 81 steps to enter the hall. look at these two plaques, which read "thepalace of the flesh" on the top and "the first mountain in the southeast" on thebottom. the hall is three rooms wide with white marble on the ground. in thecenter of this 1.8-meter-high white jade pagoda, there stands a seven storyeight sided wooden pagoda. there are niches on eight sides of each floor of thetower, and each niche is dedicated to a gold statue. outside the wooden pagodais a white jade altar with a standing statue of yama in the ten halls holding agui in both hands. at the four corners of the base of the pagoda, there are thetop beams of the pillars, and inside the pagoda are the three-level stonepagodas dedicated to the body of the golden earth. in front of the tower is ahollow octagonal glass lamp, which is always bright.
well, tourists, today's tour is over. thank you very much for your supportand cooperation in my work. welcome to visit again!
the national stadium bird's nest is the main stadium for the 20xx beijing olympic games. the design of the giant stadium completed by herzog, de mellon and chinese architect li xinggang, who won the plic prize in 20xx, was designed by ai weiwei as a design consultant. form is like a " nest" that breeds life. it is more like a cradle that holds human hopes for the future. designers didn't do any extra work on the national stadium, but frankly exposed the structure, thus naturally forming the appearance of the building.
" bird's nest" is mainly composed of huge portal steel frames with 24 truss columns. the top surface of the national stadium is saddle - shaped, with a major axis of 332.3 meters, a minor axis of 296.4 meters, a highest point of 68.5 meters and a lowest point of 42.8 meters.
the design of the bird's nest fully embodies the humanistic care. the bowl-shaped seats encircle the folding structure of the stadium, and the upper and lower floors are strewn at random. no matter where the audience sits, the distance of sight from the center of the stadium is about 140 meters. the sound-absorbing film material used in the lower layer of the " bird's nest", the sound-absorbing material arranged on the steel structure member, and the electroacoustic sound amplification system used in the stadium, these three layers of " special devices" make the index of speech intelligibility in the " bird's nest" reach 0.6 - this number ensures that the audience sitting in any position can hear the broadcast clearly.
the designers of the bird's nest also used fluid mechanics to simulate the natural ventilation of 91,000 people watching the competition at the same time, so that all spectators can enjoy the same natural light and natural ventilation. more than 200 wheelchair seats have also been set up for the disabled in the auditorium of the bird's nest.
these wheelchair seats are slightly higher than ordinary seats, ensuring that disabled people have the same vision as ordinary spectators. during the games - time, hearing aids and a wireless broadcasting system will be provided to provide personalized services for people with hearing and vision impairments.
many architectural experts believe that the " bird's nest" will not only set up a unique and historic landmark for the 20xx olympic games, but will also have pioneering significance in the development of world architecture and will provide historical witness for the development of chinese and world architecture in the 21st century.
hello everyone! my name is shen lei, and i'm your tour guide. you can callme shen dao. first of all, i wish you a happy trip! please be careful when youget off the bus.
now let me introduce the forbidden city to you. beijing forbidden city,also known as the forbidden city, is located in the center of beijing. todaypeople call it the forbidden city, which means the imperial palace of the past.it is a magnificent building built in 14 years by ming emperor zhu di, whorecruited countless skilled craftsmen. the palace museum covers an area of720000 square meters and has more than 9000 houses. it is the largest and bestpreserved ancient palace complex in the world. the palace is arranged along anorth-south axis, symmetrical and well arranged. there are four gates outsidethe palace museum, the main gate is called meridian gate, the east gate iscalled donghua gate, the west gate is called xihua gate, and the north gate iscalled shenwu gate. the three main halls that attract the most attention aretaihe hall, zhonghe hall and baohe hall. i will not introduce them in detail.after a while, you can enjoy them freely.
around the three main halls, we came to the second half of the palacemuseum, with the qianqing palace, jiaotai palace and kunning palace as thecenter. there are six east palaces and six west palaces on both sides, mainlywhere the emperor and his concubines lived. different from the magnificence ofthe outer court buildings, the inner court is full of life. among them, qianqingpalace is the emperor's palace, while kunning palace is the queen's palace inming dynasty. after walking through kunning palace, we came to the imperialgarden in the back. it was a place for emperors and empresses to rest and play.there were towering pines and cypresses, precious flowers and exquisite rocks inthe garden.
ok, my introduction ends here. you can enjoy it at will. come out fromdonghua gate of dongmen after 17:30. please don't litter or write at will in thegarden. have a good trip!
dear visitors, we will arrive at the mount emei in sichuan. now let me introduce myself. my name is , you can call me x guide.
we are located in mount emei in sichuan, when we went up into the mountain must pay attention to safety, to prevent zuo down. also, don't throw the peel, food bags and other waste. we are now to mount emei ecological zone. although these monkeys love to eat bananas and peaches, but they eat like shrink in the corner to eat, so can't see it that you eat is you like.
i putuoshan center at the foot of the mountain there are a large golden statue here are a few animals, there are hundreds of animals into a big circle, all the animals diaoxiangtou toward the buddha. legend, long long ago, the earth has a monster, it, one day that monster to emei mountain to do evil, to have a fairy just passing by, he with the monster war three rounds, decided to give the monster to seal. then he asked all the animals let everybody together his seal. results seal it in the ground.
is close to the railway station, i want to say goodbye with you. that said: "it is difficult to meet as well as hard for you, send you far away eventually." here, i sincerely wish you bon voyage, family well-being, i hope the next time you go to travel, i also be your tour guide!
tourists friends:
everybody is good! i am the guide from guilin lijiang river, my last name is zhang, everyone call me xiao zhang. first of all, on behalf of our travel agency, i wish you all in this short day swim, can have fun, enjoy more beautiful scenery.
first we'll go to lijiang, small sit played li river bamboo raft. when you sit on board, to see a lot of small bamboo raft, is our customs of zhuang sang folk songs, i led, you follow me, there will be a lot of people to sing together. you know what the mountain people less myopia? because ah, mountain far and high, often see the distant scenery, eyes won't myopia. believe that watching the film "liu sanjie" must have a lot of friends, that is taken here, the clear water of the blue, blue, green, can clearly see the bottom of the stone.
the second stop: we're going to the big banyan tree. the banyan tree it was said that there are hundreds of years old, and its wide spreading, tree a few dozen meters high, with dozens of meters long, roots and tree trunks were confused, with the title "king of the banyan tree. on the way to the big banyan tree, and we are passing the moon mountain, distance, rain or shine of the moon waxing, nature is really amazing.
in the big banyan tree scenic area, we all go to the village for dinner. at noon, after dinner we went to play the last leg of today, the famous scenic spot "elephant trunk hill". why that name? because the mountains look like an elephant, in front of the rocks stretching down, bent into a hole, like the nose, so it is called elephant trunk hill. we sat on the bamboo raft, you can enter the elephant's nose hole, the inside is decorated with famous of guilin - osmanthus wine!
all nervous and happy one day will be over, dear "dog", we see you next time. oh, i forgot to tell you, in our here, "dog" is the meaning of a good friend!
the tourists who are sleeping can wake up. i understand that we are alltired. after several hours of long-distance bumps, now we finally arrive at ourdestination today - jiuhua mountain. let's get out of the car and start ourjourney to jiuhua mountain. let's follow me and don't fall behind. at thismoment, we are going up the winding mountain road and the mountain steps toreach fenghuang pine, the oldest ancient pine in the world. you can have a lookat it, it's like a flying phoenix, it seems to welcome us. along the way ofphase ii, i believe that when you hear the chirping of birds and the gurgling ofmountain springs, together with the laughter of our tourist friends, you willnot really answer the old saying "there is no one in an empty mountain, but youcan hear people's voices".
now we are halfway up the mountain. in front of us is guanyin peak. you cansee that the stone is very lifelike, wearing a big red robe. when the mountainwind blows, the red robe flutters slightly, just like the arrival of guanyin.further up, you can see the broad ancient sutra worship platform. you can seethe footprints left on the granite by the bodhisattva of tibetans during hismeditation. it is 2 times larger than the footprints of normal people. 9 times!friends who are interested can take off their shoes and stand in the footprintsof the bodhisattva of the king of tibet to see if our feet are only one third ofthat!
well, now we finally arrive at the terminal, tiantai temple. tiantaitemple, also known as dizang temple, is located at the top of tiantai peak at analtitude of 1306 meters. it is said that there are traces of "jinxian cave" leftin the holy residence of senior monks in the tang dynasty. standing at the topof the peak, i just feel that the depression in my heart suddenly disappeared,and i feel very comfortable. although jiuhua mountain is not as grand as mounttai or as dangerous as mount huangshan, it is famous both at home and abroad forits beauty!
i have friends, everybody! i am your korean tour guide. today, we are going to have been included in the "world heritage" lushan mountain to play, i believe you must be very looking forward to!
now we arrived in jinxiu valley. jinxiu valley 1. 5 kilometers, is the famous lushan scenic spots. here four seasons flowers open, like a splendid, so called jinxiu valley. little friends, do you have learned the northern song dynasty poet wang anshi's poem: "also home a smile that fang chen, good and famous mountains master. on an impulse to meet five lake, connected in jinxiu valley in spring."
here is the huang longtan. huang longtan deep and quiet, ancient hidden in the valleys, along stream, down the stone silver waterfall deep pool was hit into green, very fun? if you are interested, you can take photos would you want to, but don't fall into, if lost, but no one can save you!
there is a fairy cave. deep holes, each about 10 meters high, with clear spring drops, said "a drop of spring". there are "land jade carved stone inscription" cave walls. hole in the central "pure yangdian" built-in lu dongbin stone, immortal sword play is here in the cultivation of the eight immortals! you must know the words of chairman mao zedong: "born a fairy cave, infinite scene in the perilous peak." is this sentence make fairy cave legendary, lushan world famous.
well, most of the lushan mountain scenic spot is to swim, you must be very happy mood! don't forget, we are test in upstanding company group, must be here again next time play yo, must! good - bye!
ladies and gentlemen,
welcome to wuhan. my name is libo. i am from wuhan travel service. i will be your local guide during your stay in wuhan. this is our driver, mr zhang. his bus number is wh12345. on behalf of my travel agency, we hope you have a nice journey here. if you have any special interest, plese tell your tour leader, and he will ler us know. my job is to smooth you way, care for your welfare, try my best to answer your question, and be your guide and interpreter. i will try to do my level to "warm the ceekles of your heart". we highly appreciate your understanding and cooperation.
today we will visit the east lake .the east lake is located in the easten suburb of wuhan. it was announced one of china's key scenic spots by the state council in november of 1982. its total area is 87 square kilometers, of which about 33 square kilometers are water surface. it's the biggest city lake in china which is six times as large as the west lake in hangzhou.
according to geologists and archaeologist, a long time ago, the yangtze river overflew its banks for many times, the mud and sand brought by floods on the southern bank of the yangtze river.as time went on, the lower part formed today's east lake. in 1950, the central gorerment made a plan to develop the east lake and set up the management office of east lake.
the east lake is composed of six tourist districts-listening to the waves,moshan hill, luojia hill, falling wild goose, white horse and flute playing districts.
东湖
the listening to the waves district is located on west shore of the east lake.the shore is planted with pine trees, metasequoia trees and bamboos.when the wind comes, the sound of pine trees and waves echo each other over a distance, so the district got its name. the district consists of a lot scenic spots and facilities. now, i invite you to join me and into the tour.
first,we are in the place where is called the listening to the wave chamber.the listening to the wave chamber is surrounded by green bamboos and waves echoing each other.
continue east, we get to another place,the moon enjoyment pavilion. it is an ideal place for you to enjoy the moon.it got its name from the chinese poem "the nearer a pavilion lies to water, the earlier someone standing on the pavilion can enjoy the moon".
the water cloud pavilion is situated on the plain shore of the east lake. when you climb up to the second floor, you will find that the flowing cloud in the sky connects with the water of the east lake. in addition, behind the pavilion there is also water. so this kind of scenery will make you imagine that you seem in the hometown of water and cloud.
in front of the poem-chanting pavilion is the statua of qu yuan who was the great patriotic poet of ancient china. now let me give you a brief introduction of qu yuan was born in zigui country of hubei province during the warring states period. because of his talent, he was offered a high rank by the king of the chu state. he worked loyally for chu state and always concerned about common people's life. because of his effort. the chu state became more and more strong. unfortunately, later, the king of the chu state was deceived by traitor and sent him into exile. when he heard the news that the chu state was defeated by the qin state later, he left very sad and drowned himself in miluo river in hunan province in order to call on chu people's patriotism.in order to commemorate qu yuan, wuhan people built this pavilion. qu yuan made a great contribute to the culture of china. in september of 1953, the world peace council held a meeting to conmemorate the most famous four culture persons, among them one was quyuan.
at last, we will go to the lu xun's square. on the lu xun's square stands the state of lu xun. lu xun was the forerunner of china's new culture revolution as well as the great writer, thinker and nevolutionist. he was born in 1881 and died in 1936.
well ladies and gentlemen, here we go , now along the path to return to, so we once again enjoy the beauty of the east lake. and you can take photoes along the road.
that's all explanation for the east lake. my friends, the time has gone very quickly and our trip is drawing to a close. it's a pity to say goodbye. please allow me take this opportunity to thank you fou your cooperation and understanding, and if you come back in the future, i hope to see you again and be your guide again.
hello, yellow crane tower. first of all, welcome to our beautiful rivercity wuhan,
next, i will provide you with tour guide service. here i welcome you withthe most enthusiastic smile and introduce myself to you with the most sincerewords. i'm __, a tour guide from __x travel agency. you can call me guide x, youcan also call me xiao x. of course, on behalf of our __x travel company, i alsowelcome you to visit the yellow crane tower, one of the three famous buildingsin the south of the yangtze river. i hope you will have a good time and have agood time under my guidance. next, please visit with me. our tour route is fromthe south gate, past the goose shaped stele. to the crane. cui hao wrote poemson the wall. finally, the pen shelf arrives at the main tower of yellow cranetower. well, now please follow me to start today's "yellow crane tour"!
yellow crane tower is a famous historical spot at home and abroad. it isthe landmark building of wuhan city, known as the "thoroughfare of nineprovinces". whether you are cruising on the yangtze river or passing the beijingguangzhou railway, you can see this famous building towering over the snakemountain. it can be said that the unique geographical location, together withthe poems, poems, couplets and plaques left by the literati of the pastdynasties, has created this famous cultural building with the beauty ofmountains and rivers and the beauty of humanities. since ancient times, it hasenjoyed the reputation of "the first building in the world". the yellow cranetower was first built in 223 a.d. in the second year of wu and huang dynastiesin the three kingdoms. it has a history of more than 1700 years since sun quanbuilt a military post on the mountain. now, the yellow crane tower is based onthe yellow crane tower in the qing dynasty. it was rebuilt in 1981 and completedin 1985. you see, the main building of the yellow crane tower is 51.4 metershigh, with yellow tiles and red columns, resplendent and resplendent, and allthe buildings are cast with reinforced concrete. it does not lose thetraditional unique shape of the yellow crane tower, and is more magnificent thanthe yellow crane tower of previous dynasties. therefore, it enjoys thereputation of "the world's best scenery". when you come to the yellow cranetower, you may have a question: why is this loft named yellow crane tower? don'tworry, let's take this question to the first floor hall, and then listen to meslowly. perhaps the most eye-catching painting in the hall is the painting ofwhite clouds and yellow cranes, which is 9 meters high and 6 meters wide. it isinlaid with 756 colored bricks. the yellow crane tower stands in the middle,with a fairy riding on the yellow crane and playing the jade flute above. itseems to leave and return. the people below are singing and dancing, sending offand welcoming the immortal riding on the yellow crane. the whole painting isfull of romantic and magical atmosphere, why do people in wuhan call thelandmark building in their hometown yellow crane tower?
this beautiful name comes from a beautiful apotheosis legend. in the mingdynasty, it was recorded in the report of repaying one's kindness that an oldtaoist named xin he drank wine for half a year in a tavern, but he didn't pay acent. when he left, he drew a yellow crane on the wall with the orange peel onthe ground, and told xinhe that as long as you clap your hands, the yellow cranewill come down and dance to cheer the drinkers. since then, xinhe's tavernbusiness has been booming because of the crane. in order to be grateful to laodao, xin he built a high building in situ, named "yellow crane tower". forhundreds of years, this story has been widely spread in china, and has becomethe most influential legend of the yellow crane tower.
ok, please follow me up. our current location is not the second floor, butthe mezzanine between the first floor and the second floor, commonly known asthe horse racing gallery. there are such horse racing corridors between everytwo floors. you can calculate that the yellow crane tower originally has fivefloors. in addition, the horse racing corridor between every two floors has atotal of nine floors inside. therefore, the yellow crane tower has a buildingstructure of five floors outside and nine floors inside. here are somehistorical celebrities' calligraphy and paintings. you can enjoy them. as youcan see, there are six models of yellow crane tower in tang, song, yuan, ming,qing dynasties and modern times on the second floor. they each represent thearchitectural styles of their own times. you see, the yellow crane tower of thetang dynasty is connected with the city on the first floor and has only twofloors on the outside. the overall structure is simple and rough, giving peoplea sense of simplicity and vigor.
take another look at the song dynasty building, which is composed of fourparts: building, terrace, porch and corridor. each floor has a double eaves,which shows the delicate and meaningful artistic style of the song dynasty. theform of the yuan dynasty continued the style of the song dynasty, while the mingdynasty was still two-tier. if you look at it again, there are some clothawnings and other things. do you know what they are for? yes, they are theumbrellas used by people in ancient times. look at the yellow crane tower of theqing dynasty. it is divided into three levels, which refer to the time of theday. good location. people and people. there are 12 eaves on the first floor,representing 12 hours of a day, 12 eaves on the second floor, representing 12months of a year, and 24 eaves on the third floor, representing 24 solar termsof a year. it's the most amazing thing that chinese traditional astronomy andcalendar culture can be integrated into it. unfortunately, in the summer of1884, that is, the 10th year of guangxu reign of the qing dynasty, the qingbuilding was burned to ashes because of the loss of the house at the foot of themountain. the last one is now the yellow crane tower. it is based on the yellowcrane tower of the qing dynasty. it was rebuilt in 1984. it not only has theunique traditional shape of the yellow crane tower, but also is more magnificentthan the buildings of previous dynasties. third floor hall to taste itshumanistic theme. a group of large-scale ceramic murals, a collection of peopleand culture, is displayed in the hall, which reproduces the scene of famousfigures in history coming to the yellow crane tower to recite poems and fu. thefourth floor is the cultural activity place of the yellow crane tower,displaying the impromptu works of famous contemporary calligraphers and paintersvisiting the building. there are also four treasures of the study speciallyprepared here. if any tourists are interested, they might as well show theirskills here. now we come to the viewing platform on the fifth floor of theyellow crane tower.
the first picture we see here is a group of paintings called "the vastnessof the river and the sky", which covers an area of 90 square meters and is thelargest among the murals in the whole building. it consists of 10 colorpaintings. the three on the front wall are the center of the group of paintings.the first one records the process of the ancient yangtze river culture from topto bottom. the second is the water waves depicted with gold lines on the stonegreen background, occupying the whole picture. it seems that people stand on across section of the yangtze river and feel the waves rushing eastward. thethird one reflects the process of the yellow crane tower's emergence, rise andfall after the three kingdoms period. the other seven, painted on the e fang,are: the source of the yangtze river, the waterfalls in the upper reaches, thescenery of the three gorges, the wonders of lushan, the scenery of taihu lake,the river flowing into the sea and the vicissitudes of the sea. the good timealways makes people feel so short. our trip to the yellow crane tower is overhere.
in the course of this trip, there are still many things i should do well inmy work, but i can only say to you - thank you, thank you for your strongsupport and help.
if we are destined to meet again next year, i would like to provide youwith better service. finally, i wish you good health and all the best! thankyou, goodbye!
dear friends: passengers
how do you do! i'm the tour guide, my name is liang, you call i beam guide. very glad to serve you. today i'll guide you to visit the famous royal garden, the summer palace.
the summer palace beauty such as immortal mirror? because it is associated with water up to the mountain. mountain, according to the longevity hill, with water, the kunming lake. we today is coming to travel. ok, few words said, let's go to climb the longevity hill.
we have now arrived at the foot of longevity hill, you can looking upward, the rows of resplendent and magnificent palace is cloud temple. looked up again, the star of the pyramid three layer architecture is the buddhist incense. you don't have to wait, because we are heading for the top of the mountain.
we have now reached the top of the longevity hill and looked down on, you can see the beautiful scenery. look, the lush trees, with the yellow green glazed tile roof and wall of scarlet. really beautiful! but there are more beautiful. look! the kunming lake is proof of that?
we are going to travel on the last leg of - kunming lake.
kunming lake is very beautiful, beautiful enough to be with than the west lake. kunming lake on several islands, as long as we walked through the long stone bridge, you can go to the island to play. in the stone bridge, one of the most famous seven kong qiao dozens, because it has seventeen little tunnel.
we travel to the end.
dear tourists, how are you? i'm your guide. you can call me liu dao. whatwe're going to visit today is the temple of heaven, the place where the emperorworshiped heaven.
emperor yongle of the ming dynasty built the altar for heaven worship inthe south of beijing, imitating the great hall of worship in nanjing. the mainbuilding is the great hall of worship, which is the location of today's hall ofpraying for new year. the temple of heaven has outer wall and inner wall. it isround in the north and square in the south.
now we are going south along the central axis of the temple of heaven. whatwe are going to see is the circular mound altar where the ancient emperorsoffered sacrifices to heaven. there are two enclosure walls in the round hill,which make the outside square and the inside round, in line with the statementthat the sky is round and the place is round. what needs to be mentioned inparticular is that the place where the emperor stood was the tianxin stone inthe center of the mesa. he is one of the three acoustic phenomena in the templeof heaven. when reading aloud here, the voice is particularly loud, and now it'sthe same here. you tourists may as well experience the strange effect, and likethe emperor of that year, tell god your good wishes.
as you may have noticed just now, there are many cypress trees in thetemple of heaven. yes, it's like a natural oxygen bar in beijing. among theseancient cypresses, there is a cypress over 500 years old, which is the ninedragon cypress outside the west wall of echo wall. its trunk texture is verystrange, full of ravines, and twisted, like nine dragons winding around playing,so it is not too much to call it jiulong cypress. please don't climb trees. payattention to your words and deeds. this is a sacred place. we should keep aquiet mind,
after liberation, the temple of heaven has not only become a famous touristattraction, but also an integral part of beijing's urban green space. not onlytourists come here, but also some elderly people who are specially for physicalfitness.
today's tour is over. i hope this tour can make you remember and leave adeep memory in your heart.
i hope you will come again next time.
dear friends;
how do you do!
confucius said, "it's a pleasure to have friends coming from afar.". today,with this famous saying of confucius, i welcome you to visit qufu, confucius'hometown. i'm your local tour guide. i hope you can have a better understandingof the three confucius culture through my explanation. i hope you have a goodtime here and have a good time. before entering the scenic area, please allow meto give you a brief introduction of sankong scenic area and qufu. qufu islocated in the southwest of shandong province, with a population of 620000 and atotal area of 890 square kilometers. the word "qufu" first appeared in erya.ying shao explained in the eastern han dynasty that there was a fu in the cityof lu, and weiqu was seven or eight li long, so it was named "qufu". the tourguide service of the association, in 1012 ad, was once renamed "xianyuan" countyto commemorate the birth of xuanyuan yellow emperor, the ancestor of the chinesenation. in the seventh year of emperor taizong's tianhui, it was also renamedqufu, and has been used since then.
wanren palace wall: now our location is just outside the south gate of theancient city of qufuming, which is called wanren palace wall. there are four bigcharacters "wanren palace wall" right above the gate. "ren" is an ancient unitof length, one ren is about 8 feet, equivalent to 1.6 meters now. it is saidthat some people praised confucius' disciple zigong for his knowledge. afterhearing that, zigong said, "human knowledge is like a palace wall. my knowledgeis only as high as the top of the wall. but confucius, my teacher, has severalwalls. if you don't find its door, you can't see the beauty of the temple in thewall.". in order to show his worship of confucius, emperor qianlong of qingdynasty ordered people to hang the four characters "wanren palace wall" on thewall.
1、 confucius temple
overview of confucius temple: confucius temple is a temple dedicated toconfucius, a thinker, statesman and educator in our country during the springand autumn period,
confucius temple is the largest and oldest one. it has become one of thethree ancient buildings in china along with the forbidden city and summerresort. the temple is 1130 meters long, 168 meters wide from east to west,covering an area of 150000 square meters. the whole complex is divided into ninecourtyards arranged symmetrically. there are five halls, one ancestral temple,one pavilion, one altar, two verandas, two halls, 17 stele pavilions, 53gatehouses, a total of 466. the building area is about 16000 square meters.confucius temple is known as "solitary example" in the history of worldarchitecture. it integrates history, architectural culture, art, calligraphy,stone carvings and ancient tombs. it is the crystallization of the wisdom ofancient laborers in our country. it is a precious historical and culturalheritage. in 1961, it was announced as the first batch of cultural relicsprotection units by the state council. in 1994, it was listed as a worldcultural heritage by unesco. in 20__, it was listed as a national 5a touristattraction.
"jinshengyuzhen" square: it is the first gate square of confucius temple.it was built in the 17th year of jiajing reign of ming dynasty. it is 5.6 metershigh and 13.5 meters long, with octagonal columns. on the top of the column,there is a armored animal guarding against heaven and evil. on the lintel, theinscription "jin sheng yu zhen" is written by hu zuanzong, a great calligrapherof the ming dynasty. the four words "jin sheng yu zhen" come from mencius. usingthe meaning of mencius, it expresses confucius' consummate knowledge, just likethe whole process of playing music, which is complete from beginning to end.ancient music begins with the ringing of a bell and ends with the striking of achime. praising confucius for his learning is like the sound of gold and jade.the sound of gold is the sound of a bell, indicating the beginning, and thesound of jade is the sound of a chime, indicating the end. this is also thesource of the idiom "doing things from beginning to end". "two cypresses bearone hole": passing yuzhenfang, this single hole stone arch bridge is called"panshui bridge", which is connected with the water in the pan pool beside thepalace, so it is called "pan water". in the past, when i read the book ofconfucius and mencius, i was admitted to higher education, which is called"entering hope". officials hope to be promoted, do business, hope to get rich,and live a prosperous life. there is an ancient cypress on both sides of thebridge, so it is called "two cypresses bear one hole". after the bridge, thereare two stone tablets on the east and west, which are engraved with "officialsand people waiting to dismount here", and called "dismounting stele". in thepast, civil and military officials and common people passed by, so they had todismount and get off the sedan chair to show their respect for confucius."lingxing gate": this gate is called "lingxing gate". it was built in the mingdynasty. "lingxingmen" was inscribed by qianlong. there are two or eight starsin the sky, and the one in charge of culture is called "lingxing", also known aswenqu star. connecting confucius with the star in charge of culture in the skyis enough to prove that confucius' culture stone is the highest. the ancientsworshipped the heaven, first of all, they worshipped wenqu star. there is asaying that respecting confucius is like respecting heaven. you see, the squareis 10.34 meters high and 13 meters wide. the columns are cut up and down. theintersection of the two sections is supported by a strong stone column. on thehead of the column are the portraits of the four heavenly kings, and in themiddle are the pearls of fire. it means that the door is protected by heaven.this gate was rebuilt from wood to iron beams and stone columns.
dazhongmen: dazhongmen is the main gate of the confucius temple in the songdynasty. it was rebuilt in the qing dynasty. the three words "dazhongmen" wereinscribed by emperor qianlong. its original name was gonghemen, and later it wasrenamed dazhongmen. the large and medium-sized facade is extended to 5 rooms,which is a single eaves building on the top of the mountain. on the one hand, wecan see the continuous expansion of confucius temple, on the other hand, we cansee the historical evolution of confucius temple.
chenghua stele: the chenghua stele we see now is the most famous one in theconfucius temple, which was set up by zhu jianshen, the emperor of chenghua inthe ming dynasty. there are two things that have attracted the attention of yourcelebrities. first, chenghua tablet's regular script is well written,standardized, exquisite and attractive; the second is the highest evaluation ofconfucius. emperors of all dynasties have commented on confucius. the highestevaluation is emperor chenghua. he compares confucius' ideas and methods toeating, dressing and spending money. one day is inseparable from them. withconfucius' principles and methods, one can make the best use of one's talents,materials and land. otherwise, it will be a mess. it is said that if there isconfucius' way, there will be a world. if there is no confucius' way, there willbe no world. if there is anti confucius' way, there will be no world.
tongwenmen: take the meaning of tongwenmen. that is to say, only withconcerted efforts and unity can we do a good job; the writing should be unified,only with unified writing can we record the experience of historicalcommunication, and random writing will lead to confusion. tongwen gate is animportant barrier in front of kuiwen pavilion.
kuiwen pavilion: the wooden structure building in front of us is called"kuiwen pavilion". originally known as the library, kuiwen pavilion is a placefor collecting the secretary of the emperor. it was first built in the songdynasty. there are seven rooms on three floors. this magnificent building ismade entirely of wood, without riveting. like building blocks, it has become an"isolated example" in the history of chinese architecture. after severalearthquakes, "kuiwenge" was not destroyed. during the reign of kangxi, there wasa great earthquake in qufu, "houses in the world are nine, but there is one".however, kuiwenge stands upright and safe, which shows the wisdom and superbarchitectural art of the ancient working people in our country.
thirteen stele pavilions: now we enter the sixth courtyard of confuciustemple. there are 13 stele pavilions and 55 steles. they were established intang, song, yuan, ming and qing dynasties. most of the inscriptions are writtenin chinese, ba si ba and manchu, which are records of the emperor's posthumoustitle and seal, temple worship and temple renovation. in order to show himself,the qing emperor built the stele pavilion in front of it, which led to theappearance of courtyard. this kind of architecture structure is called"intrigue" in ancient architecture. there are eight steles in the south and fivesteles in the north. eight in the south and five in the north, so it is calledthe thirteen stele pavilion. because they were all stele pavilions approved bythe emperor, it is also called "imperial stele pavilion".
dachengmen: now we enter dachengmen, "dachengmen" refers to dachengmen,which was rebuilt by fire in the qing dynasty. the three characters ofdachengmen were inscribed by emperor yongzheng of the qing dynasty.
master hand planted cypress: the cypress tree in dachengmen was planted byconfucius. according to records, confucius once planted three trees here, andthen two died. this tree withered three times and thrived three times. there isalso a saying that "when the cypress tree grows more and more, the kong familygrows more and more.". the five characters of "the first teacher planted cypressby hand" were written by yang guangxun, a talented man in wanli period of mingdynasty. apricot altar: the "apricot altar" in front of us was built in the songdynasty to commemorate confucius' lectures. it is said that confucius taught tohis disciples under the big apricot tree on the platform. because there areapricot trees around here, it is called "apricot altar". in the pavilion ofxingtan, there are two steles. on the front of one stele is engraved the"xingtan fu" written by emperor qianlong when he first came to qufu, which isregular script. on the back is the running script inscribed by emperor qianlongwhen he came to xingtan for the second time. dacheng hall: the hall standing infront of us is the world-famous "dacheng hall". it is one of the "three mainhalls" in china. it is as famous as the "taihe hall" in the forbidden city inbeijing and the "tianfu hall" in the dai temple in taishan mountain. itsmagnificence is more than it can be. the hall is 24.8 meters high, 45.78 meterswide and 24.8 meters deep, with carved beams and painted buildings. the goldenwall is brilliant, especially the 28 stone pillars around it. they are all worldcultural treasures. they are all carved with whole stones. the front 10 are deepreliefs, with two dragons playing with pearls on each pillar. they are coiledand rising, lifelike, powerful and varied. in the past, when the emperor came,the kong family wrapped the column in yellow cloth. i'm afraid they'll beashamed if they see it. the dragon pillars on both sides and the back porch arebas reliefs, with 72 dragons per pillar, a total of 1296. there is a statue ofconfucius in the dacheng hall. every year, on september 26 and 28, we hold agrand international confucius culture festival and a ceremony to commemorate thebirth of confucius. we perform large-scale music and dance for confucius and"xiao shao music and dance" and hold a variety of cultural and tourismactivities. welcome to our time. two verandahs: the houses on the east and westsides of dacheng hall are called "two verandahs", which are places where thelater generations worship the sages and scholars. most of the worthy confuciansare famous figures in the later confucian school. in the tang dynasty, therewere only more than 20 people. by the time of the republic of china, there were156 people. these people were originally portraits. in the jin dynasty, theywere statues. in the chenghua period of the ming dynasty, they were all woodentablets with names on them, and they were consecrated in shrines. now there arestone carvings of all ages on display in the two verandas.
bedroom hall: turn back along the corridor of dacheng hall, then you cometo the bedroom hall. the bedchamber is a place for offering sacrifices toconfucius' wife. it is the third largest building of confucius temple.confucius' wife was born in song dynasty in the late spring and autumn period.qi guan, who had a compound surname, married confucius at the age of 19. he wasa good wife and mother and died seven years before confucius. he was honored as"the lady of the supreme sage". enjoy sacrifice as confucius. there are 28 stonepillars carved with phoenix. each pillar is carved with 72 phoenix, the samenumber as the dragon. so it's called "long feng cheng xiang"
yuhonglou legal stickers: the 572 "yuhonglou legal stickers" displayed hereare descendants of confucius in the qianlong period of the qing dynasty.
kong jisu collected the handwriting of the famous calligraphers of the pastdynasties and copied it. these stone carvings were originally placed in theyuhong building of the "twelve fu" in qufu. they were moved to the confuciustemple in 1951 and displayed in 1964. they are of great artistic value forcalligraphy lovers.
temple of miracles: the last building of confucius temple. it was built inthe wanli period of the ming dynasty and was presided over by the censor hechuguang. there are 120 paintings and stone carvings in the hall, which reflectthe main activities and remarks of confucius' life. it is the first stonecarvings with complete character stories in our country.
2、 confucius mansion
front hall building of confucius' mansion: it is the place where confucius'76th generation grandson kong lingyi and his wife live. here you can experiencethe living room of the royal palace of the feudal dynasty. the existing qiantangbuilding was rebuilt in the reign of emperor guangxu of the qing dynasty, witheast and west buildings on both sides. it was built in the qing dynasty. hung inthe middle of the hall are four big characters written by kong lingyi, whichmeans that the kong family will remain prosperous and vigorous forever.
confucius' mansion: adjacent to the confucius temple, it is the residenceof confucius' eldest son and grandson. it has three roads, nine courtyards andconfucius' mansion, also known as "yansheng mansion". "yan sheng" means that"sheng dao" and "sheng yi" can be inherited from generation to generation. largescale construction was carried out in the qing dynasty. this is the confucianmansion, which is a typical building in our feudal society.
confucius' greedy wall: there is a unicorn shaped animal on the door ofconfucius' house called "greedy". it is said that this animal is very viciousand can swallow gold and silver. although it is full of treasures at its feetand around, it is still not satisfied and wants to eat the sun in the sky. it isreally "greedy". in the past, confucius painted greedy paintings here, and youcan see them when you go out it is also a warning to our children andgrandchildren not to be corrupt and pervert the law.
hall: it is the place where emperor yan read the imperial edict, metofficials, tried cases, and held ceremonies on festivals and birthdays. itdisplays the first-class nobility. on the north side of the wall, those goldlettered signs on a red background are the symbols of nobility and privilege,commonly known as "eighteen cloud tiles". with these brands, yan shenggong hasbeen able to travel freely in beijing.
second hall: it was the place where yan shenggong met with officials abovegrade four and was entrusted by the emperor to take the examination of rites andmusic for the imperial court every year. there are seven royal steles in thehouse, including the stele of "fu shou" written by emperor daoguang of the qingdynasty, the character of "shou" written by the kind empress dowager and thepicture of pine and crane.
third hall: also known as the retreat hall, is the place where yanshenggong deals with family disputes and punishes servants in the house. theplaque of "six generations of han yi" hanging in the middle of the house waswritten by emperor qianlong. at that time, six generations of confucius lived inthe same hall. this plaque means that the six generations lived in harmony andhad a happy life.
inner house gate: after the three halls, it is the inner house part ofconfucius' mansion, also known as inner house courtyard. the inner door isseparated from the outside. this gate is heavily guarded and no one is allowedto enter without permission. the emperor of qing dynasty specially granted threepairs of weapons, namely huwei stick, yanyi boring and jintou jade stick. thegatekeeper stood in front of the door with weapons, and those who disobeyed theorders were punished severely. on the west side of the door, there is a specialwater tank, shiliu, which is exposed outside the wall. according to theregulations of the government, the water bearer is not allowed to enter theinner house, but only pour the water into the inner wall of the tank to flowinto the inner house.
front upper room: it is the living room for the master of confucius toreceive his close relatives and jinzhi people. it is also the main place forthem to hold family banquets and weddings and funerals. the room is decoratedwith gorgeous furnishings, cultural relics and antiques.
houtanglou: the residence of kongdecheng, the seventy seventh generation ofconfucius. kong decheng was born in 1920. less than two months after he wasborn, he was appointed by the then president xu shichang as the emperor ofxifeng. in 1935, he was awarded the title of "the most holy and venerableofficial of dacheng" by nanjing national government. she married ms. sun qifangin 1936. most of the time after that, he was in chongqing and nanjing with thenational government, and moved from nanjing to chinese taiwan on the eve of theliberation of the mainland in 1949.
back garden of confucius mansion: it was built in the 16th year of hongzhiin ming dynasty. after three major repairs, it covers an area of more than 50mu. in the jiaqing period of the qing dynasty, when kong qingfei, the 73rdgeneration grandson of confucius, rebuilt the garden, he placed several largeiron ores in it, so it was also called "iron mountain garden". among them, "fivecypress baohuai" is a cypress tree in the middle and a sophora tree around, soit is called five cypress baohuai. it's a wonder in the garden. it symbolizesthe confucius family's family life of mutual love, mutual assistance and mutualaid for hundreds of years.
3、 kong lin
kong lin: it is the cemetery of confucius and his family. it is the longestand largest family cemetery in the world. konglin is located on the northernsurabaya of qufu city, covering an area of 3000 mu. there are four types ofchinese classical architecture: palace, garden, mausoleum and temple. theconfucius temple in confucius' mansion embodies the characteristics of palaceand garden temple, while the confucius forest is a kind of mausoleum and garden.confucius temple and confucius mansion show the profundity of confucius thoughtand the solemnity of your family. kong lin embodies the glory of confucius andhis descendants after their death. since confucius was buried with his wife,people planted trees for the beginning of confucius forest. after more than twothousand years of continuous expansion of more than 70 belts, a large area ofkong family cemetery kong lin was gradually formed.
shinto: out of the north gate of fucheng, there is a road leading toguling, so you call it konglin shinto. in the ancient concept, shinto was thechannel sent by the gods when confucius accepted the sacrifice. the whole shintois paved with green stones, and the ancient cypresses are arranged on both sidesof the shinto until the door of konglin. they come in different shapes,
tourists, everybody is good, i am you the tour guide to visit the summer palace, my name is zhou, you can call me weeks guide! look, has arrived.
ok, we get off, the summer palace is very beautiful, there are flower, grass, a flower haven't xie, another flower opened again. now we have entered into the summer palace, around the hall, came to the promenade, look, the pillars of the green and red bars, the gallery has more than seven hundred meters long, divided into 273 rooms, each cross on the sill between painting the picture, thousands of painting, no two picture is the same, you believe that? the breeze is blowing from the kunming lake, let a person feel refreshed.
now we have almost on the top of the mountain the longevity hill, three layer architecture that stands halfway up the mountain, is the buddha incense, the palace, below is the cloud temple, kunming lake quiet like a mirror, like a piece of green jade. if you don't believe, now we go to kunming lake appreciate carefully.
look, kunming lake's really big, has a long embankment around it, see the lake in the center of the island? after the stone bridge can play on the island. take a closer look at the stone bridge, seventeen little tunnel, so that the marble seventeen-arch bridge which.
the beauty of the summer palace, i how to say also say not, please yourself slowly touring!
the red stone canyon, which is a rare canyon sight in north china withwaterfalls, lakes, pools and gullies, is highly acclaimed by gardening expertsas a “natural gallery for mountain and river collections” because of its grandand exclusive landscapes. the most splendid waterfall in the canyon is thebailong waterfall, divided into three falls, measuring 30 meters in height. itlooks as shiny as a huge silver dragon. a good place for waterfall watching isthe heilong (black dragon) cave, which is as long as 30 meters with absolutedarkness inside. standing in the cave, you can not only see the marvelous fallsdashing down into the deep pools but also the perilous high stiffs, narrowlyseparated from each other by fast-flowing gullies so that the sky is scarcelyvisible. the spring water flowing down the cliffs splashes into water drops thatdazzle in the sunlight like colorful diamonds, looking like a unique picturehanging on the wall. yuntai mountain is famous for its grotesque hill, whichextends as far as eyes can see. the main peak, cornel peak, is 1308m above thesea level.it is said to be famous for a poem by a famous poet in the tangdynasty called wang wei, who worked out a popular poem when he climbed up themountain. the poem thinking of my brothers in mountain climbing day fullyconveys his emotion of missing friends. mounting to the mountain top and lookingfar into the distance, you can see the yellow river winding like a silver belt.having a bird view of the foot of the mountain, you can see chains of peaks likesea waves. the weather on the top is often unpredictable. all at once cloudsgather and wind blows,
with mist rising among the mountains. the mountains looming in the mist andclouds look so vague that you feel as if you were in a fairy world. also, it hadbeen the secluded place of seven bamboo forest sages of the wei and the jinperiod. medicine king, sun simiao, once collected chinese medicine here. manyhistorical stories are spreading in the area related to some fames once visitedhere. yuntai mountain is famous for its numerous rivers, lakes, pools andsprings. here we can see the highest waterfall in the country---- yuntaiskyscraper waterfall, which is 314 meters high like a huge pillar, reminds us ofa famous peom of libai“ the waters puring down from thousands above of themountain, like the silver river dropping down from top of the heaven”. it looksespecially magnificent, forming a unique spectacle along with other waterfalls,such as the tianmen waterfall, bailong waterfall, huanglong waterfall andy-shaped waterfall, dashing abruptly downward. well,next spot for us is theqinglong canyon here, renowned as “first canyon in central china”, attracts manypeople for ecological touring for its mild climate, rich water resources andvarious vegetations.
the garden of market in qingming festival now we’re leading our way to thecity of kaifeng. kaifengis one of the 8 major ancient capitals of china. thecity of kaifeng was already in existence before 700 b.c. during the period ofwarring states more than 2,000 years ago, king hui of the state of wei moved hiscapital to kaifeng, rebuilt the city and called it daliang. since then, kaifengwas the capital of several dynasties. as an ancient capital, kaifeng has a lotof historical relics and scenic spots. some of them have been preserved, such asthe iron pagoda, po pagoda, xiangguo monastery, dragon pavilion. they areprecious heritages of the chinese culture. the famous painting qingming scrollis believed by some to portray daily life in kaifeng. the painting, of whichseveral versions are extant, is attributed to the song dynasty artist zhangzeduan. have you ever dreamed of going back to northern song dynasty in chinaand enjoy the prosperity and culture of those years? if so, come to the gardenof market in qingming festivallocated in the old city of kaifeng in henanprovince. find yourself in the spectacular scenery there and you are sure torealize that dream. the garden of market in qingming festival located on thewestern bank of longting lake is a grand cultural garden. it covers an area of600 mu, and the construction area is more than 30,000 square meters .the builtarea consists of several architectural complexes which are re-creations based onthe famous twelfth century painting by zhang zeduan of 'the qingming festival bythe riverside'.
when you enter the garden of market in qingming festival, a statue which is16 meters tall comes into view. this figure is none other than the artist zhangzeduan, who holds his famous drawing of 'the qingming festival by theriverside'. this picture is a painted scroll which is 525 cm in length and 25.5cm in width depicting life along bian river during the qingming festival. thescenes in this painting are highly detailed and the spectacle is magnificent.there are large numbers of people and buildings. the people are shown in avariety of contemporary clothes that indicate their social standing andoccupations. the lively throng includes many animals and it is not difficult toimagine the sounds in the street scenes where the people are crowded and noisy.we can almost hear someone’s bargaining with a shop owner while others arecheering entertainers. the picture is like a live symphony of life during thesong dynasty.
now we can find these scenic spots such as city gate tower, rainbow bridge,distinctive shops and others which are re-created in the park according to thescenes in the painting. the garden of market in qingming festival not onlyreappears the vast vigor of the millennium picture, but also makes the historyliving by flexible creative idea, makes tourists the sense of backward flowingtime by entering the park, just like passing through the space tunnel. anotherscenic spot called rainbow bridge is a well-known feature in the park. it is areplica of one of the ten ancient timber bridges. the bridge is 5 meters high.the first bridge was built in 1050, and reconstructed in 1998. four 9 metershigh columns, two at either end of the bridge, replicate the poles that wereweather vanes at the time of the song dynasty. a white crane sits on a disk atthe top of each column and they turn to face into the wind, indicating itsdirection. as a scenic spot for folk-custom tours, chinese authorities have donea lot to preserve folk handcrafts and folk customs. you can see the process ofmaking handicrafts, such as bian embroidery, paintings for new years, enamelwares, tea ceremony, spinning and weaving, figures made from flour and sugar andfolk-custom performances, such as acrobatics, folk arts and performances ofbirds, fighting cocks and dogs. here, you are not only a visitor, but an actor.for example, you can act as mr. right in the competition for marrying mr. wang’sbeautiful daughter and have the opportunity to enjoy the traditional weddingfestivities. and you can be the no.1 scholar in the imperial examination tobring honor to your ancestors. there is a large amusement hall built in the songstyle, where many amusement activities are held, including swings, balance beamsand many other amusements. as an ecological scenic spot, this garden was builtand forested according to the market day during the qingming festival. the wholegarden combines natural beauty with historical flavor, thus forming a favorableplace to have a true rest and evoke your full energy both physically andspiritually.
yin ruins yin ruins is at xiaotun village of anyang city. in ancient times,xiaotun was called yin and it was the capital of the shang dynasty. so theperiod was also called yin shang. after the yin had been overthrown, the citydeclined and the remains of it was later called the yin ruins. since thefounding of new china, the yin ruins had been listed as the first group ofcultural relics under national protection. in order to preserve its culture, thegovernment built “garden of the yin ruins” on the site. today the garden isdivided into several sections with ancient objects on display. because of itsgreat value in not only the historical relics of chinese culture but also thehuman civilization of the whole world, yin xu topped the 100 greatestarcheological discoveries of china in the last century and it was listed in theworld cultural and natural heritage list of united nations educational,scientific and cultural organization (unesco). yin xu is revealing its beauty tothe world.
ok, everybody. soon we’ll get to the museum on yin ruins, the best museumfor the study of the yin shang culture. the yin ruins is famous for threethings,i.e.the oracle inscriptions, the bronze wares and the ancient capital ofthe shang dynasty. as you know, china is one of the earliest countries todiscover characters. as early as 4,000 years ago, people used bones or tortoiseshells to record events of their social life. it is the earliest written form oflanguage in the world. today we call them the oracle bone inscriptions, whichwere first discovered in the yin ruins. well,let’s come to the main hall wherethe oracle inscriptions are exhibited. the oracle bone inscriptions were firstdiscovered during the years of emperor guangxu, in the qing dynasty. in 1899, inxiao tun village of anyang city, henan province, villagers found many tortoiseshells and bones carved with letters and symbols, which unveiled to the worldfrom yin xu, an ancient city with a long history and splendid culture.then morethan 16,000 pieces of bones and shells were found. but in the shang dynasty,they were used as divinations, when people were very superstitious. theinscriptions cover a wide range of fields, such as sacrifice, wars, stateaffairs, weather, hunting, etc. today, they provide important information forthe study of the shang dynasty. and the study of the oracle bone inscriptionshas become a new subject and is getting more popular among people. since
then this place has become of great interest to worldwide archeologists,because those inscriptions have proved to be the earliest written characters ofhuman beings, the oracles. apart from the oracle bone inscriptions, bronze waresare another important part of the cultural relics discovered from the ruins,which show that the technology of bronze casting reached its peak in the shangdynasty. the bronze wares include vessels, weapons,chariots and so on. among allthe unearthed wares, simuwuquadripod unearthed in the mausoleum area of the yinruins, the largest and the most famous bronze sacrificial vessel in the world,is 875 kg in weight, 133 cm in height. standing on the open plaza in front ofthe great hall is an enlarged copy of the original one for the convenience oftouring and appreciation, with the original one cherished in the museum ofchinese history. with its unusual air of majesty, together with its elegance inappearance and intricately carved in patterns, it is considered a treasure inthe bronze culture of china as well as a glorious pearl shining on the peak ofthe world art. to cast such a significant vessel carrying such a great weight,advanced techniques and experiences in organization of laborers are necessary.as many scholars have pointed out, this huge bronze quadripod reflects theadvanced slavery system of the shang dynasty and the unusual power of creationof the people. finally we come to the side of the imperial palaces and tombs.lying on the southwest of the foundation ruins c, fuhao tomb is one of the mostimportant archeology discoveries in the temple. it is also the only discoveredand well-reserved tomb of shang royal members since the science excavation ofyin ruins. now, let’s know something about the first woman general in chinesehistory.fuhao was emperor wu ding’s wife,both intelligent and courageous. shehad bravely led the yin army fighting in many wars and made great contributionsto the protecting of the country. after her death, wu ding built a large tombnear the palace to honor her merits. buried together with her were many slavesand war prisoners as well assacrificial objects. the large numbers ofsacrificial objects are valuable cultural relics in the treasure house ofchinese art.
hello, everyone! im tang ruiqi, a tour guide from china international travel service. today, let me take you to guilin for a tour!
you must have heard the saying that guilins landscape is the best in the world. it comes from the qing dynasty poet jin wuxiang. in addition, many poets once wrote inscriptions for guilin, which shows how famous guilins scenery is.
lets take a boat to ripple on the li river!
the water of the li river has three characteristics, namely quiet, clear and green. its so quiet that you dont feel it flowing. it saw the lively fish clearly. it was green, like a perfect emerald.
landscape, landscape, there is no water without mountains. please look over here. this is elephant trunk mountain. elephant trunk mountain is also called elephant mountain. its mountain is very cool, like a big elephant, like a long trunk. there is also a beautiful fairy tale: it is said that long ago, a mother elephant gave birth to a baby elephant. one day, the baby elephant was drinking by the river and accidentally rolled down. the elephants mother knew she had been calling. as time went on, the mother of the elephant did not move, and finally the mother of the elephant became the elephants nose mountain. this is a great mother ah, this is a touching story ah, is also a great mother love, let us little elephant reunited with the elephant mother at an early date.
the mountains in guilin are strange and beautiful. the mountains in the north are continuous, and the mountains in the south rise one after another, disconnected; the bright mountains of guilin are reflected in the water. the mountains in guilin are still dangerous. dangerous peaks rise, jagged rocks. looks like youre gonna fall if youre not careful.
how can such mountains and such water not make people linger? today, the tour guide stops there. i hope you can come to guilin next time. ill wait for you here.
dear tourists,
hello, everyone!
im han xiao, your tour guide. you can call me a little guide. i will take you to guilin for a tour. please take good care of the parents who have children. when you arrive, please dont litter or draw. thank you for your cooperation.
now let me introduce guilin to you. it is said that "guilin landscape is the best in the world". guilin is named for its mountains, clear water, strange caves and rocks. in addition to the above characteristics, guilin is also a "fragrant city". when you go to guilin in august and september, you can smell the fragrance of osmanthus and even drink osmanthus tea and wine. we can try it sometime.
now please follow me. do you know what this river is called? yes, it is called li river. it is said that the li river can enter a static state and make you feel as though it is not flowing. compared with the flawless jade, the green one is so clear that you can see fish swimming in it. now we have come to the foot of the mountain, the rocks in guilin are also strange. some rocks on the mountain like a woman holding a baby, some like a small lion, some like a monkey to see relatives... is it lifelike? next, we went to see the steep mountain. there was nowhere to stay and it was very dangerous.
next came our cave, hot and cold. when its cold, itll freeze you like a penguin, when its hot, itll heat you like a roast duck.
i cant tell you the scenery of guilin, so please take a closer look. please come again after this trip. i will still welcome you with open arms.
the landslide landscape national geopark of cuihua mountain in shaanxiprovince is 20_ it is one of the first batch of 11 national geoparks built bythe ministry of land and resources of the people's republic of china in march,and the first national geoparks built and unveiled in china. 20_ it was rated asnational aaaa tourist area by the national tourism administration. located atthe northern foot of qinling mountains in chang'an county, shaanxi province, thepark is 20km away from the urban area of xi'an. the main peak of zhongnanmountain is 2604m above sea level, covering a total area of 32km2. it is one ofthe most developed areas of landslides in china. the complete types, typicalstructure, complete preservation, huge scale and high tourism value of landslidelandforms are rare at home and abroad, and are known as "china's landslidespectacle" and "geological and geomorphological museum".
"guoyu" records: "in the second year of youwang (780 bc), all the threerivers in the western zhou dynasty were shocked at the same time, the threerivers were exhausted and qishan collapsed. "it is also recorded in historicalrecords. it is speculated that guoyu is the earliest written record of theformation of the landslide in cuihua mountain. other guanzhong earthquakes havedifferent degrees of influence on the formation of the landslide in cuihuamountain.
the total area of cuihuashan landslide is 5.2 square kilometers, with 300million cubic meters of fallen stones. at present, 1.5 square kilometers arepreliminarily developed, which are distributed in shuiqiuchi, ganqiuchi anddaping, mainly composed of residual peak cliff, collapse rock sea and barrierlake.
canfeng cliff mainly refers to yuhan peak, ganqiu peak, cuihua peak and thefree face of landslide. the three peaks stand at the same time, and the negativemomentum races up. suddenly, they are dangerous and handsome, and soar to thesky. "looking at the south, the south is like a green screen, with hibiscus inthe sky. (the governor of shaanxi wrote a memorial to qianlong in qingdynasty)
"taiyi is near tiandu, from mountain to sea. the white clouds look back,and the green haze comes in. in the division, the peaks change, and the valleysare different. if you want to stay at home, ask the woodcutter across the water.(zhongnanshan by wang wei of tang dynasty) cuihuashan national geopark has along historical and cultural background. it is the buffer zone of niubeiliangnational antelope nature reserve, the most distinctive part and first-classdevelopment zone of zhongnanshan national forest park, and a famous scenic spotin shaanxi province. according to the records of scenic spots in xijing, cuihuamountain has been established as the royal "shanglin garden" and "royal garden"since the qin, han and tang dynasties. emperor wu of han dynasty was born in120bc because of "mountains, forests, valleys, hills, clouds, wind and rain,monsters and gods"_ it is also known as mount taiyi. mount taiyi is now famousin southeast asia and other chinese regions in the world.
"yuxiu in the south, taiyi in the middle, cuihua in the south, and hanwu inthe south; longqiu in the ice cave, and jade in the pool should know that thescenery is in chang'an." shaanxi cuihua mountain landslip landscape nationalgeopark not only has landslip lake light, strange rocks and caves, but also hasits profound culture, natural background and high-quality service. when youwatch the avalanche wonders, you will feel the characteristics of china'snational geoparks, the integration of geological relics and natural culture, andthe sustainable development of development and protection.
dali referred to as "elm city, the scenery at the foot of beautiful framed, 13 km from the dali shimonoseki. dali ancient city was built in ming dynasty fifteen years (1382), is one of the first batch of historical and cultural city. dali erhai lake in the ancient east, west pillow features, towers majestic, beautiful scenery. dali city the size of the grand square around 12, the original walls 7.5 meters high, thick 6 meters, north and south, east and west four gates, original on towers. if, autonomous prefecture capital of shimonoseki to flourish, the noisy impression, dali is a simple and quiet.
dali ancient rippling erhai lake in the east, west lean on perennial green features, form the "ancient city of monohydrate around features, features" of urban landscape. by the gates into the city, south beijing changfu promotes a pass-through northward, became a bustling streets, shops along the street on a par, selling ethnic handicrafts and jewelry, jade, such as marble, tie-dye, etc. streets between some of the old curtilage, also still to be found, former pond in the garden flowers and trees, birdsong, and outdoor streams flowing water channel, "three wells, a door a few potted flower" scene still. the ancient city of east-west nation road, known as the "foreigner street". here one by one between chinese and western restaurants, cafes, tea houses and gift shops, trademark, advertising, multi-purpose, leaving the country writing blond "laowai", linger here naked, looking for ancient east, gradually into a unique scenery.
ladies and gentlemen, this time we are going to visit the famous pingyaocounty. pingyao county is one of the cultural heritages of the world heritagelist. please keep the floor clean during the tour. if you have any questions,you can ask me.
we first came to the first tourist spot: south street. the composition ofpingyao county is crisscrossed four streets, eight small streets, seventy-twowinding streets, and now we come to the south street of four avenue. you see, onboth sides of the street, old and famous shops are flourishing traditionalcommercial streets. during the qing dynasty, south street controlled more thanfifty percent of the financial institutions in the country.
west street is known as "the first street of finance in qing dynasty", andit is a main street directly connected with east street. and the east avenuenorth and south street intersection, north street is to the west centralstreet.
eight small streets and seventy-two lanes are named in the nearby buildingsor marked signs; some are named in the temple temple; some are named in a cityin the city; and some streets and lanes have been unable to explore the sourceof the name.
there are many beautiful legends in pingyao county, such as sleeping auntsand drug wives, and burning town god's temple. please take a good tour of thisbeautiful ancient city.
hello, everyone. i'm dai, the guide who will accompany you to visit suzhou gardens today.
when traveling in beijing, the guide will tell you about emperors and ministers. when traveling in hangzhou, he will tell you about talents and beautiful women and visit suzhou gardens. let me talk about the allusions and legends of emperors and ministers, talents and beauties, scholars and writers.
suzhou gardens are the re-creation of nature by literati and artisans. in the long history of 2500 years, it has accumulated profound cultural deposits. every brick and tile has a story, every blade of grass and tree has won the essence of nature.
as early as the spring and autumn period, he lv built the earliest gardens in suzhou with 36 million hectares of lake water as a pool and 72 peaks and 48 islands as mountains. since then, garden making activities have emerged one after another in successive dynasties, and the art of garden making has become increasingly perfect. it has the reputation of "the first garden in south china and the first garden in suzhou in south china".
small bridges, running water, different scenes, although made by people, but like nature itself. with the passage of history, this art originated from nature, but higher than nature, has been integrated into the fine gardens of suzhou. the existing canglang pavilion of the song dynasty, the lion grove of the yuan dynasty, the humble administrator's garden of the ming dynasty, the garden of the master of nets, the huanxiu villa of the qing dynasty, and the willow garden are all conceptualheirs of the same lineage, retaining and inheriting the essence of chinese culture.
please follow my explanation and enjoy suzhou gardens in poetry and painting...
dear tourists,
hello everyone, i am your tour guide in guilin this time, thank you for giving me this opportunity to exercise, i will do my best to explain to you.
all right, lets get back to business. as the saying goes, "the mountains and rivers in guilin are the best in the world." one characteristic of the mountains in guilin is that they rise up one after another on the flat land and by the river.
we are in the center of guilin city. there is a dangerous peak here. it is called the duxiu peak, the strange peak protrudes like a big pillar of the sky, known as the "southern pillar of the sky"
next, i will take you in a boat to see one of the most beautiful rivers in guilin, the li river. can you see the characteristics of the li river water? yes, the water in the li river is so quiet that we dont even feel it moving. the li river water is clear to the bottom, you can see many beautiful fish swimming in the water; li river water is also special green, green can be immaculate with jade rivaling.
please see, this scenic spot is the "elephant landscape moon", which is composed of elephant mountain and water moon cave. this elephant mountain is also called elephant trunk mountain because it resembles a giant elephant drinking by the river. elephant trunk mountain that deep in the water of the long nose, and the mountain ready-made round cave, named "water moon cave". the surface of the cave is very smooth.
this is camel mountain, about its beautiful legend will tell you next time,
ok, today i take you to tour here, welcome to guilin, i still have a lot of shortcomings, hope you can give me a lot of advice, we will see you again. bye-bye!
hello, tourists! my name is wang xiangyu. i'm your tour guide. just call mexiao wang. welcome to jiuhua mountain. let's first introduce the generalsituation of jiuhua mountain. jiuhua mountain is located in chizhou city, anhuiprovince. it is the main scenic spot of the "two mountains and one lake" goldentourist area in anhui province. it has beautiful scenery and numerous ancienttemples. it is also known as the four famous buddhist mountains in china withmount emei in sichuan, mount wutai in shanxi and mount putuo in zhejiang.
jiuhua mountain was not originally called jiuhua mountain, but jiuzimountain in the tang dynasty. because of its beautiful peaks, there are ninepeaks above the clouds, so there are nine jiuzi mountains. during the reign oftang tianbao, li bai, an immortal poet, had been there twice
next, we first enter the jiuhua street scenic spot, and the first thing wesee is a stone gate square. it is carved out of marble, 9 meters high, and is animitation of the hui style architecture of the qing dynasty. the banner isengraved with the four characters "jiuhua shengjing" written by emperor kangxi.there are stone lions carved under the two pillars of the middle gate. the gateis dignified and elegant. after passing the gate, you can see yingxian bridge.this bridge was built during the reign of emperor qianlong. it is a single holestone arch bridge. please follow me to this ancient bridge and step into thefairyland!
well, after visiting zhiyuan temple, we are now at the center of jiuhuastreet. what you can see is huacheng temple, the kaishanzu temple of jiuhuamountain. under the stone steps of huacheng temple, there are a pair of stonelions in song dynasty, one female and one male, which are ancient and clumsy.huacheng temple gradually rises according to the terrain, with rigorousstructure, simple and elegant, basically preserving the original style ofkaishanzu temple.
well, our tour of jiuhua mountain has come to an end. thank you for yoursupport and cooperation in xiao wang's work. i hope we will continue to serveyou in the future. have a good trip! thank you!
shanghai， located at the outlet of the yangtze river into the sea in eastchina， is a metropolis， the largest economic center and one of the four citiesunder the direct jurisdiction of the central government in china.the area ofshanghai totals 6，340 square kilometers. shanghai has a permanent population ofmore than 13.50 million while it sees a large moving population of over 2.5million daily.
historically speaking， shanghai is not only a city of a long history andculture but also a heroic city with a glorious tradition in chineserevolution.
when the western great powers broke through the closed gate of china withtheir gunboats during the opium war shanghai was forced open by the colonialistsas one of the five trading ports. with concessions carved out in shanghai thearea was reduced to be a “pandemonium of adventurers.” shanghai is also a heroiccity with a glorious tradition in chinese revolution. first of all ，it is thebirthplace of the communist party of china. to fight for the nationalindependence and liberation the people of shanghai waged a series of such epicstruggles as anti-british struggle at the wusong estuary， uprising of the smallsword society， “may 4 movement”for new culture， “may 30th movement，” three timesof armed struggles， “january 28”and “august 13”anti-japanese battles insongjiang and shanghai. and after the war of resistance against japan was overthe people in shanghai again devoted themselves to the struggles of opposingautocratic rule and civil war while fighting for democracy and freedom， forminga second battle-line in opposition to the rule of the kuomintangreactionaries.
with the dying down of rumbling guns in battles for the liberation ofshanghai the city returned to the arms of the people on may 27，1949，and the nextday saw the people’s government of shanghai proclaimed to be set up ，may 28，1949being defined as the very “day of liberation for shanghai.”
shanghai is an economic city of great importance for china. especially thedevelopment and opening of pudong has pushed shanghai to the strategic forefrontof reform and opening up to the outside world.
shanghai is not only a metropolis renowned in the world but also a greattourist attraction in china. on the one hand it is known to the world with itsunique urban-attractions， rich and varied humane and cultural resources ，as from1982 onwards， the overseas tourist hosted in shanghai has witnessed a number ofover one million every year while the domestic tourists have seen a yearlyaverage of more than tens of millions. in future， shanghai is going to be a cityfeatureing sightseeing tours as a trend in the development of tourism.
with great efforts made shanghai is going to place itself as early aspossible among the world famous economic and trade centers， thereby bringing upthe new economic boom in the yangtze river delta and even the whole area alongthe mighty river. at present， the rudimentary shape of splendid blueprint hascome into being， and it is confident that a new shanghai enjoying a bluer sky ，clearer water， greener land and more sociable people in a more improved andharmonious society will come to appear on the western shore of the pacific oceanin not too long a future..
jinmao tower building:there is a gigantic majestic high-rise tower like abamboo shoot in spring pure pillar， yataghan and magic pen beside huangpu riverand at the seashore of east sea， it is jinmao tower which is 420.5 meters inheight and is called “the first building in china” with a surprisingly beautifulappearance .jinmao tower has come into being and become a monumental work in thearchitecture industry of china and a symbol of shanghai.
double cease day, mom and dad is going to take my children to play in the park in yichang, i was very happy.
today, we all got up early. wash and dress up, ate breakfast, and set off. my mom and dad to sit for an hour of car, finally arrived yichang, my parents and i got off the bus saw the wide parking lot and parked inside the large and small car, walked to the parking lot outside, i see the broad road, the road with beautiful flowers, neat, sidewalk no garbage, clean.
we came to children's park gate, the center of the park with lots of the flowers, colorful, very beautiful; carries out my name on both sides of the trees, grown very lush, lush.
walk to the park, i saw pigeons at a glance, with white, black, pink... looking at a lot of children in there to feed the pigeons, i also. dad met, bought a bag of corn and gave it to my, i took a few, from corn bag in hand, a few dove coming towards me, with a sharp beak pecking at the corn son, i feel itchy, this is fun.
after feeding pigeons, we walked forward, suddenly, i saw a tall and big ferris wheel, i told mom and dad said: "i want to go to the ferris wheel, you can accompany me to play?"
"yes!" father said.
mother bought three tickets, before we go to the ferris wheel, have the staff took us to the trunk, we sat in the trunk, trunk up slowly, i looked in the window, "good high!" i called to get up, and i looked down on, see the lawn, a lot of people play on the lawn, trunk up to the highest, i can't look down, heart all quick to drop out, i grabbed my dad's hand tightly, afraid to fall, also good, trunk and slowly down, we walked out of the trunk, i could hardly stand, dizzy, but i think a lot of fun. i think: if again, i will also play the ferris wheel.
we also played sand painting, a balloon, bumper car... the park there are a lot of a lot of fun!
a day passed quickly, in the evening, i reluctantly left the park.
today is a happy day.
"a friend coming from afar afar," welcome to the fuling visited. fuling isnuerhachi yehenala's and the queen's bedroom mound because the yangcheng in theeastern outskirts of shenyang, it is also called dongling, with the new objectappears. shenyang zhao ling, were jointly called the early qing dynasty tomboutside the customs 3.
fuling, built in tianzhu mountain, the tianzhu mountain is adjacent to thechangbai mountain, formerly head shizuitang hill, dongmou hill, fuling historyof the construction of roughly into three stages : during the days of clevergrassroots, discovering this period, the repairs kangxi period conversion.
dear friends, now show us, is situated in the green mountains, there themajestic ancient architecture group is fuling. fuling covers 194,800 squaremeters, a national nature reserve, the entire cemetery from low to high mountaincleverlybuilt-city, ideas ju's built on hills subversion.
fuling according to the natural pattern can be divided into three parts,namely three people in her life outside,shinto, fangcheng po district 3, fromthe north of the monument is the first part of 1800-1834. fuling halt theerection of a six, four of the mound, two in the east, near modernization, hungon both sides are in front of the abandoned-lasting with the han, mongolianthree reads "officials who then abandoned."abandoned after the monument beforethe mausoleum both sides of the square stands a pair of stone lions, thechinesetable 1 right, a stone arched. stone house is also called the abandonedarched color of victor modeled wood stone built, the third floor of 4, wangsquare on the hiperlonghuzhu and other decorations.is the center engraved withthe text and pictorial various ruixiang, north korea foreign language, han mengwith three words the words "between people now halted. if breach of the law willtreatment "of the whole church,with its simple,elegant and exquisite.
from 1800-1834 to beilou is for the second part of the mausoleum, which isshinto, the mausoleum is the tomb of the main entrance, distinguished both sidesare colorful sleeve wall, surrounded rectangular red packets center of the wholemausoleum wall circles as one. sanying is noteworthy for the single-mast curledimitative wood frame structure, paved with glazed tiles on the roof,ridge,re-ridge, kiss,heavy hint of golden good.three arches, painted oilpendants, played up on kinmen nails and face, "the first shop," three arches, acenter called the "door of the gods" is the section for the so-called "gods'access to the gateway, do not come here on weekdays only in the big festival forlifting wish version, silk and other system officials access offerings, othersare not permitted to operate on. east : "monarch door" access to the emperorjiling, west "robinson gate" is the worship minister go door before. royal is areunion with god doors of the 300-meter-long "chosen" until the stone archbridge. shinto and the same god doors very strict use, in addition to carryingofferings officials passable, others are strictly prohibited firms go offenderspunishable by law. shinto right settings, and the qing dynasty tomb with aspecial, lang shinto gate between the imperial favor with the construction of abuilding must be cut off so that his name "look up to a constant," great qingdynasty implies a line everything. to this end. some money on the mound inshinto repair longfengshan door, zhao ling shenyang sandelin monument builtimmortals, fuling not only built immortals sandelin milestone, but according togeographic conditions have also revised 108 check. play a double role will belost, this is different from other fuling-ling it
shinto into both sides of axial symmetry, arrange with a stone-look fourpairs of stone and poetry. stone pillar column hou one of the sitting, accordingto legend, hou is the dragon's nine sons, because of good hope, it allowedshou-ling. stone poetry were lions, tigers, horses and camels. it is said thatshima was nurhachu imitation is the limousine excellent health -- a typicalmongolian horse carvings.shinto is to end with two "god bridge" connecting themountain ingeniously built "fuling days tread"; commonly known as the"108-tread", "for fuling excellent, dole god sent the stairs to board." fulingdays of the ming remained tread uniquearchitectural styles, so why should repairthe stairs 108? with a view of the constellation, according to legend, the skytiangangxing 36, 72 to expelling sha.star, "the water margin" revolt 108hopefuls will theseconstellation is "descending" "108 check" to symbolize fmawill tian-gang hit in the foot to ensure fuling peaceful.also demonstrate thesupremacy of the imperial power.
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